Softwood vs. hardwood for street furniture

Choosing the right material for street furniture is crucial for ensuring optimal durability and functionality. Finding the right material for your UK street furniture shouldn’t be a tedious task, but with the right knowledge, you’ll be able to choose the best option for your project.

In this article, we will discuss the key differences of softwood vs. hardwood, identifying which is best for durability and sustainability as well as the most cost-efficient option for outdoor spaces.

Is softwood suitable for outdoor furniture?

Despite the name, softwoods are quite durable for outdoor use, especially when properly treated. Softwoods like pine and cedar withstand the elements fairly well and require less frequent maintenance, particularly when pressure-treated or stained. Regular upkeep is still necessary to prevent rot, insect damage, and weathering to extend the intervals between refinishing or sealing, making softwoods a convenient option for outdoor projects.

This type of wood is commonly used for a wide range of street furniture like benches, planters, and as support for some parts with lower wear and tear, such as seat backs and armrests.

Softwoods typically require less maintenance than hardwoods. However, both types of wood benefit from regular treatment to withstand outdoor elements. The process of treating softwoods for outdoor use typically involves applying a preservative such as linseed oil or water repellent.

Regular reapplication of these treatments every 1-2 years is needed to maintain the softwood’s durability. Without proper treatment, softwoods will quickly show signs of weathering like cracking, splintering, and discoloration when exposed to the elements for an extended period.

Some of the main advantages of softwood are:

• • Cost-effectiveness: Because softwood is affordable, it remains an economically smart choice for those with restricted budgets.
  • European sourcing: Softwoods sourced from European suppliers may decrease transportation expenses and carbon emissions due to their proximity relative to other possible sources.
  • Stability: Softwoods that have been stabilised tend to have a greater dimensional consistency than hardwoods. This is because softwoods inherently contain less tension that can cause warping over time.

• Modified softwoods: Stabilised woods, including Accoya and other modified softwoods, are also becoming more popular for outdoor furniture due to their high stability and durability. These treated softwoods undergo an acetylation process that adds acetyl groups to the wood cells, making the wood more dimensionally stable and resistant to decay and rot.

On the flip side, it’s important to note that durability concerns may still arise when using soft woods for street furniture products. Untreated softwoods can weather poorly over time. Regular treatments are required to keep the wood in good condition.

Can you use hardwood for outdoor furniture?

Hardwoods are a popular choice for street furniture applications that require longevity and durability. Common hardwood species used include iroko and oak.

Hardwoods are naturally durable and resistant to decay, making them suitable for boardwalks, seating areas, and other structures exposed to the elements. Their density and hardness allow them to withstand heavy foot traffic and abrasion from weather conditions. For example, Iroko is often used for litter bins and landscape edging due to its rot resistance. Oak is preferred for patio furniture and park benches, requiring ongoing maintenance to preserve their natural colour and grain.

In addition, most people today are increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of using tropical hardwoods, especially in relation to deforestation and the depletion of natural resources. As a result, certifications like the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) are becoming crucial factors in decision-making.

FSC and PEFC certifications ensure that the wood is harvested responsibly, with minimal impact on ecosystems and local communities. It also provides proof of ‘chain-of-custody’ providing end to end certification. Tropical hardwoods, while naturally durable and visually appealing, can often raise concerns regarding sustainable sourcing. Purchasing hardwoods that carry these certifications reassures you that the material is sourced ethically, supporting responsible forestry practices.

Things to consider when choosing hardwood for outdoor purposes:

• Higher initial cost: Hardwood is generally significantly more expensive than softwood for street furniture applications. European hardwood species like oak and chestnut, along with tropical hardwoods like Iroko and Greenheart tend to be significantly more expensive than softwood alternatives. 
• Durability: Tropical hardwoods like Iroko, Greenheart, and Cumaru are especially durable for outdoor furniture applications due to their high natural oil content and dense grain structure. Their oily, resinous composition makes them resistant to decay from moisture, fungi and insects. This durability allows them to withstand the elements and harsh conditions outdoors with minimal maintenance requirements.
• European vs. tropical hardwoods: European oak and chestnut have a lighter colour and more open grain structure compared to the dense, dark grain of tropical hardwoods like Iroko and Greenheart. Oak and chestnut have a softer, more textured appearance that becomes more pronounced with age. In terms of performance, tropical hardwoods tend to be more durable for outdoor use due to their natural resistance to decay. 

Softwood vs. hardwood: A quick comparison

Pros and Cons for Different Projects:

1. Softwood is ideal for low-budget projects or where cost-saving is crucial, but requires a higher maintenance commitment. Suitable for less traffic-heavy areas or spaces where aesthetics aren’t the main concern.
2. Hardwood is the preferred choice for high-traffic areas or where long-term durability is a priority. Its higher initial cost may be offset by lower maintenance requirements, making it a good investment for premium spaces or projects that demand longevity and minimal upkeep.

Conclusion

When choosing between softwood and hardwood for UK street furniture for any landscape design, factors such as budget, project type, sustainability goals, and aesthetic preferences are key. For high-traffic public spaces requiring long-lasting durability, hardwood may be a better option, while softwood suits projects with tighter budgets and lower maintenance needs. Regardless of the material, prioritising FSC or PEFC-certified wood ensures sustainability. 

Hornbeck offers expert guidance on selecting the right material for your project, combining durability with environmentally conscious practices. Contact us today for tailored advice on sustainable street furniture that meets your specific project requirements.